Swedish Grace Crystal Glass Stella Polaris Vase by Vicke Lindstrand for Orrefors, 1930s

Born in 1904 in Gothenburg, Sweden, Victor Emanuel Lindstrand—aka Vicke Lindstrand—is revered as a pioneer of Swedish glass art. He is particularly celebrated for the technical dexterity of his enameled and engraved glass crafted via a vast array of techniques, many of which he revolutionized. Although Lindstrand’s pieces have become highly collectible in the years since his death, they were downplayed in his lifetime. To wit, his work was rejected by the Design in Scandinavia exhibition committee in midcentury.

Lindstrand studied commercial art and began a career in commercial illustration before moving into glasswork. In 1928, he was employed by Orrefors, where he began experiments in enameled glass—Graal-style vases, mostly—that were ultimately showcased in his design debut at the 1930 Stockholm World Fair. Cutting-edge and imaginative, the twelve vases exhibited there foreshadowed the exuberance of his later Orrefors output—like in his Pearl Driver Vase (1936), which depicted a single, suspended diver descending into currents and bubbles. While producing such designs, Lindstrand continued to experiment; it was at Orrefors that he, alongside Gustav Bergkvist and Edvin Öhrström, pioneered the Ariel technique, in which air bubbles are positioned in encased colored glass for decoration. 

In 1942, Lindstrand left Orrefors to work for Uppsala-Ekeby, a ceramics manufacturer, where he designed groundbreaking pieces with simple lines and strong expressions, such as his Vase in Ceramic (ca. 1950s). After a 10-year tenure with the firm, he entered employment with Kosta glassworks—according to legend, Lindstrand’s Orrefors contract stated he was not allowed to work in the glass industry for 10 years after leaving. At Kosta, Lindstrand designed art glass similar to his Orrefors oeuvre, but he employed more color; among his most well-known pieces are his Höst Vase and his Atlantis Vases (both ca. 1950s), which depicted fishnet lines next to people or schools of fish. 

Lindstrand left Kosta in 1972 and shifted to the Åhus-based Studio Glashyttan, where he stayed through the end of his career. He passed away in 1983.

Swedish glassworks Orrefors derives its name from the forested, Småland village where it was founded—a site of artisanal and industrial production since the 18th century. In the 20th century, the name Orrefors would go on to become synonymous with fine Swedish glass.

In 1897, merchant Johan August Samuelson purchased the village’s ironworks and sawmill complex and introduced glass production the following year—initially producing everyday medical and domestic glassware like bottles and jars. When industrialist Consul Johan Ekman became Orrefors’s new owner in 1913, he appointed Albert Ahlin to manage the glassworks facilities. Ahlin sparked a new era of Swedish glass production when he acquired the Sandvik glassworks under the Orrefors umbrella and brought in skilled artisans and designers to develop new collections.

In 1914, Orrefors began manufacturing crystal. Shortly after, glass masters Simon Gate and Edward Hald came on board to design new patterns and forms, with a focus on etching and overlay techniques. The two also began to experiment with the innovative Graal (grail) technique, which was developed at Orrefors by master glassblower Knut Bergqvist. By 1917, Gate and Hald introduced engraved, figurative patterns.

Orrefors’s reputation for excellence spread internationally in the mid-1920s; first as a result of the Orrefors presentation at the Gothenburg Exhibition in 1923, and then through participation in the landmark Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs in Paris in 1925, where Orrefors and the artists themselves were awarded the Grand Prix. The company grew and expanded its product lines.

In 1928, designer-artist Vicke Lindstrand joined Orrefors and introduced a more sculptural, more modernist aesthetic. Following the success Orrefors and Lindstrand found at the 1930 Stockholm Exhibition, the company would become increasingly associated with simple and subtle forms through the postwar era. In 1946, Orrefors hired architect-designer Carl Fagerlund to expand its crystal lighting offering. 

Over the years, Orrefors designers developed a number of new glass making techniques. Vicke Lindstrand and Edvin Öhrström introduced Ariel in the 1930s; while the 1940s saw Sven Palmqvist’s Kraka and Ravenna techniques. Nils Landberg’s slender Tulpan (1957) and Ingeborg Lundin’s delicate Äpplet (1955)—both icons of midcentury modern Swedish design—were created using the Fuga technique. The 1960s are associated with Gunnar Cyrén’s Pop glass, and since the 1970s, designers such as Olle Alberius, Eva Englund, Lars Hellsten, Anne Nilsson, Erika Lagerbielke, Helen Krantz have all contributed to Orrefors’s rich heritage.

Today the company operates as Orrefors Kosta Boda AB and is the largest glassworks group in Scandinavia. It develops, produces, and distributes a wide range of utility and art glass for private and public use. Since 2005, Orrefors Kosta Boda AB has been part of New Wave Group, which works with several brands in the consumer and corporate market in the areas of sport, leisure, furnishings, and gifts.

The Orrefors glassworks facilities in Orrefors closed in 2013. The Orrefors Museum is still there, open during the summer.